基于微观组织调控的硼钢板直接热冲压工艺优化

Direct hot stamping process optimization of boron steel sheet based on microstructure regulation

  • 摘要: 利用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、拉伸试验机、扫描电镜等设备, 研究了某制造商工艺调试阶段生产的热成形钢零件与点焊工艺匹配性较差导致氢致脆性开裂的质量问题, 并基于微观组织调控对硼钢直接热冲压工艺进行了优化。结果发现,制造商确生产现场对加热时间下限控制不够精准,热成形过程中存在加热时间不足引起奥氏体化不充分的问题。该热成形钢机械性能处于下限水平,金相组织中发现少量角块状铁素体及块状残留奥氏体。在热冲压过程中铝硅镀层形成褶皱甚至萌生微裂纹,随后在电阻点焊工艺拘束应力和氢原子协同作用下,热冲压零件表面应力集中处发生氢致延迟开裂。该制造商适当延长加热时间,改善了模具型面研合率,对该热成形钢零件的工艺进行优化后,热处理组织缺陷消除,解决了该热成形钢零件与点焊工艺匹配性较差的问题。

     

    Abstract: This study investigated the quality issue of hydrogen-induced brittle cracking and poor compatibility with spot welding in hot-formed boron steel part produced by a manufacturer during process commissioning. The direct hot stamping process of boron steel was optimized based on microstructural control using optical microscope (OM), Vickers hardness tester, tensile testing machine, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the manufacturer’s production line did not precisely control the lower limit of heating time, resulting in insufficient austenitization due to inadequate heating during hot forming process. The mechanical properties of this hot-formed part were at the lower specification limits, and its microstructure contained a small amount of blocky ferrite and blocky retained austenite. During hot stamping, wrinkles formed in Al–Si coating, and microcracks initiated. Subsequently, under the combined influence of restraint stress from resistance spot welding and hydrogen atoms, hydrogen-induced delayed cracking occurred at stress concentration site on the surface of the hot-stamped part. By appropriately extending the heating time and improving the mold surface conformity rate, the manufacturer optimized the process for this hot-formed steel part. As a result, the heat treatment microstructure defects were eliminated, and the problem of poor spot welding compatibility was resolved.

     

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