Abstract: In this paper, the research status of vacuum electron beam cladding（EBCL） technology and its application in many industrial fields are discussed. This paper first introduces the basic principles and characteristics of EBCL technology, including its high energy density, precise control ability, vacuum environment operation and adaptability to various materials. Subsequently, the application examples of EBCL technology in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, mold manufacturing and medical equipment are discussed in detail, especially the remarkable effect in improving component performance and prolonging service life. The article also points out the challenges faced by EBCL technology, such as high equipment costs and the complexity of process parameter optimization, and proposes possible solutions. Finally, the article looks forward to the future development of EBCL technology, emphasizing its potential to improve material performance and realize component repair in modern industry, as well as the possibility of combining with other advanced manufacturing technologies, and the review emphasizes the innovation of the EBCL process in industrial applications and the importance of improving industrial efficiency and sustainable development.