Abstract: As a new type of surface coating technology, extreme high-speed laser cladding(EHLC) has received widespread attention for its significant advantages in improving material surface properties, extending equipment life and promoting the development of new materials. The research and application of EHLC technology started earlier in foreign countries, and has formed a more mature technology and market. Overseas research and application of EHLC technology began earlier, with a relatively mature system established in fundamental research, core equipment, and specific industrial applications. Although domestic research started later, significant progress has been made in theoretical research and equipment manufacturing in recent years, demonstrating immense development potential. Despite its numerous advantages, EHLC technology still faces challenges, including material limitations and process parameter optimization. This paper introduces the characteristics and advantages of EHLC technology, analyzes in detail the influencing factors of surface quality and microstructure of EHLC, summarizes the research progress of new coating materials for EHLC, and looks forward to the future development trend of EHLC technology.