Abstract:
Heat-treatment intelligent manufacturing is being reshaped by the integration of established metallurgical practice with modern information technologies. This review traces its development from operator-dependent control, through sensor-enabled monitoring and expert systems, to the systematic adoption of multiphysics and multiscale modelling, digital twins and artificial intelligence. Particular attention is given to advances made between 2020 and 2025 under the influence of policy and technical standards, including intelligent equipment, digital workshop management, numerical process simulation, industrial applications of artificial intelligence, and the alignment of digitalisation with green, low-carbon production. The review identifies three persistent barriers: fragmented and inadequate data foundations, the limited deployment of models in engineering practice, and a shortage of professionals with combined expertise in metallurgy, automation and data science. Future development is expected to centre on hybrid physics- and data-driven approaches, the coordinated optimisation of quality, energy efficiency and carbon performance, and standardised platform-based services. These findings provide a structured reference for the intelligent transformation of the heat-treatment sector.