Abstract: Fe-V alloy materials with different compositions were prepared by arc-melting,and their microstructure and mechanical properties under as cast and heat treatment conditions were characterized and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,backscattering electron microscopy,hardness testing,etc.The results indicate that there are a total of three phases in the cast structure of Fe-V alloy:matrix solid solution α Phase,metastable phase α'Phase,as well as brittle and hard phases σ Phase.Slow heating and quenching can cause internal and generated σ Phase growth causes separation from the matrix α'Phase dissolution occurs;Rapid heating and quenching,the internal structure of Fe-V alloy has already formed σ The phase has not grown significantly,but has also become small.The hardness of the Fe-V alloy with rich iron under quenching conditions is lower than that of the as-cast structure,while the hardness of the alloy with rich vanadium increases.