Abstract: Hot rolling forming is one of the key processes for producing linear rolling guide rails, and the control of rolling temperature plays a crucial role in ensuring residual stress and straightness of the guide rails. This article conducts simulation of the hot rolling process of GCr15 steel linear rolling guide rail based on ABAQUS simulation software, and studies the influence of different rolling temperatures on residual stress and straightness of the rolled piece. The results show that the residual stress in the rolling direction of the cross-section of the rolled piece exhibits a typical “M-shaped residual stress distribution” from the center to the edge of the rolled piece. With the increase of rolling temperature, the uniformity of residual stress distribution along the rolling direction of the rolled piece is improved; Except for the residual stress in the rolling area corresponding to the top angle of the rolling mill, which increases with the increase of rolling temperature, the residual stress in the other areas of the rolling mill decreases with the increase of rolling temperature. This indicates that the increase of rolling temperature is conducive to improving the plastic deformation ability of the metal during the rolling process, which is conducive to more uniform deformation of the rolling mill; There is no simple linear relationship between the straightness of the rolled piece and the rolling temperature, but it shows a fluctuating trend. The straightness of the rolled piece varies significantly at different rolling temperatures, with a difference of 0.121mm between the maximum and minimum straightness. The straightness at 800℃, 900℃, and 1000℃ is relatively good, indicating that there may be one or more temperature ranges within which the material properties and rolling process conditions can reach the best balance, thereby obtaining better straightness.