Abstract: A systematic study was conducted on nanosecond laser machining of 316L stainless steel groove structures, utilizing variables such as laser power, repetition frequency, scanning speed, and path interval in an orthogonal experiment. The evaluation criteria for the experiment’ s outcomes were the taper of the groove sidewalls and the machining depth. The findings indicate that laser power is the primary factor affecting the sidewall taper,while scanning speed has the most significant impact on depth. The repetition frequency, however, showed negligible effects on both parameters. Using optimal settings of 16W laser power, 500mm/s scanning speed, 0.01mm path interval, and 10kHz repetition frequency, an array of micro-groove structures was successfully fabricated, featuring a width of 1mm, an average depth of 0.92mm, and an average sidewall taper of 78.56°.