Abstract: Casting, as one of the core processes in metalworking, has long been confronted with challenges such as low production efficiency, insufficient quality stability, and strong reliance on experience. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial neural networks（ANN）, with their powerful nonlinear modeling, self-learning, and generalization capabilities, have provided innovative solutions for the intelligent optimization of casting processes. Systematically reviews the research progress and application achievements of ANN in typical casting processes such as sand casting, die casting, continuous casting, centrifugal casting,and investment casting, and looks forward to future research. It concludes that future efforts should focus on the construction of lightweight models, integration with industrial Internet of Things, and cross-disciplinary technology integration to promote the evolution of casting processes towards intelligence, high precision, and sustainability.