模具局部激光熔覆耐磨涂层研究及应用

Research and application of local laser cladding wear-resistant coating on mould

  • 摘要: 注塑模具流道出口工况苛刻,非常容易发生磨损,使得流道出口形状和尺寸发生变化,对产品的质量和生产效率造成很大影响,亟需进行流道出口位置的局部强化。基于此,本研究采用激光熔覆技术对注塑模具流道出口进行局部强化,进行了强化涂层材料成分的设计、熔覆成形和缺陷控制、组织性能分析、实际工件加工过程工艺调控等研究。结果表明,相比商用耐磨涂层材料,研究者所开发的涂层材料在具备优异的熔覆成形和无裂纹缺陷的前提下,硬度由强化前基体硬度400HV提升至900HV以上,涂层耐磨性能相对基体提升43倍,摩擦系数由基体的0.635降至0.412,极大改善了模具的耐磨性能;强化涂层内部晶粒细小,主要由马氏体和原位陶瓷碳化物保障其强度和耐磨性,并残留少量奥氏体保障其韧性;通过特殊的路径规划和工艺控制,在注塑模具局部强化中得到成功应用,强化后模具的服役寿命提升3倍以上。

     

    Abstract: The outlet working condition of the injection molding die is harsh, which is very easy to be worn, making the outlet shape and size of the flow channel change. It has a great impact on the product quality and production efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out local strengthening of the outlet position of the flow channel. Based on this, the laser cladding technology is used to locally strengthen the outlet of the injection molding die. The material composition design of the reinforced coating, the cladding forming and defect control, the analysis of the structure and performance, and the process control of the actual workpiece processing are studied. The results show that compared with the commercial wear-resistant coating materials, the hardness of the coating materials developed by the researchers increased from 400HV to above 900HV. The wear-resistant performance of the coating increased 43 times compared with the matrix, while the friction coefficient decreased from 0.635 to 0.412, which greatly improved the wear-resistant performance of the die. The inner grain of the reinforced coating is fine and its strength and abrasion resistance are mainly guaranteed by martensite and in-situ ceramic carbide, and a small amount of austenite is left to guarantee its toughness. Through special path planning and process control, it has been successfully applied in local strengthening of injection molding dies, and the service life of the strengthened dies has been increased by more than 3 times.

     

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