Abstract: High-entropy alloys（HEAs）, characterized by their multi-principal element composition, exhibit exceptional properties that far surpass those of traditional alloys. However, conventional fabrication methods face numerous limitations in the production of HEAs. With the rapid advancement of advanced manufacturing technologies, selective laser melting（SLM） has demonstrated significant advantages in HEA fabrication. For instance, SLM enables the high-precision formation of HEA components with complex geometries, while its unique high cooling rate significantly enhances the mechanical properties of HEAs, garnering widespread attention from researchers. This paper provides a systematic overview of the fundamental principles of SLM technology and the preparation methods for HEA powders. It also summarizes the critical challenges in SLM-based HEA fabrication,including defect formation, process parameter optimization, alloy composition design, and the effects of postprocessing techniques on microstructure and mechanical properties. The findings of this study offer theoretical insights and practical guidance for further exploration in the fields of HEAs and SLM technology.