Abstract: As one of the new types of additive manufacturing methods, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has gained widespread attention in manufacturing lightweight structural components in recent years due to its unique material deposition method and efficient manufacturing capabilities. This technology combines the advantages of arc welding and additive manufacturing. Its high material utilization and low production costs are especially suitable for the rapid manufacturing of lightweight metal materials such as aluminum alloys. This article first reviews the current status of wire arc additive manufacturing technology for aluminum alloys, including principles and engineering application. Then, the main technical challenges it faces were analyzed, including residual stress and deformation, cracking and delamination, and porosity. Subsequently, wire arc additive manufacturing technology development trends for aluminum alloys were discussed, including intelligence and automation, aluminum alloy performance optimization and multi-material collaborative manufacturing, and integration with traditional processes. Finally, this technology's potential applications and development directions in aerospace, vehicle and vessel manufacturing, and other fields were also discussed.