机器人等离子弧板切割轨迹姿态控制的研究及应用 修后重投

Application of Trajectory and Attitude Research and Control for Robot Plasma Arc Plate Cutting

  • 摘要: 为解决机器人等离子切割钢管弧板时因轨迹与姿态失配导致的切割质量差、熔渣附着严重的问题,本文提出了一种轨迹与姿态集成控制策略。该策略的核心是将基于多传感器融合的动态角度补偿算法与PID高度控制相结合。通过3D视觉传感器获取轨迹点,并利用动态补偿算法实时调整割炬姿态,确保其始终垂直于切割表面;同时,基于弧压反馈的PID控制器精确维持切割高度,有效抑制了传统控制方法在变曲率表面的超调与滞后。实验结果表明,该方法显著提升了切割轨迹的平滑度与精度,并大幅减少了熔渣附着量。本文详细阐述了该集成控制系统的设计、PID参数整定方法及动态角度控制原理,并通过在钢管生产线上的实际应用验证了其有效性。该研究为复杂曲面工件的机器人自动化切割提供了可靠的理论依据和实践指导。

     

    Abstract: To address the poor cutting quality and severe slag adhesion caused by trajectory and pose mismatch in robotic plasma cutting of steel pipe arc plates, this paper proposes an integrated trajectory and pose control strategy. The core of this strategy is the combination of a dynamic angle compensation algorithm, based on multi-sensor fusion, with a PID height controller. A 3D vision sensor is used to acquire trajectory points, and the dynamic compensation algorithm adjusts the torch pose in real-time to ensure it remains perpendicular to the cutting surface. Concurrently, an arc-voltage-feedback-based PID controller accurately maintains the cutting height, effectively suppressing the overshoot and lag common in traditional methods on variably curved surfaces. Experimental results demonstrate that this method significantly improves the smoothness and accuracy of the cutting trajectory while substantially reducing slag adhesion. This paper details the design of the integrated control system, the PID parameter tuning method, and the principles of dynamic angle control, validating its effectiveness through practical application on a steel pipe production line. This research provides a reliable theoretical basis and practical guidance for the automated robotic cutting of complex-surfaced workpieces.

     

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