基于单模激光器的铝/钢异种金属薄板焊接工艺

Welding process of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal sheet based on single mode laser

  • 摘要: 以1060铝、SPCC镀镍钢为母材,基于铝上钢下焊接结构,研究了激光器类型、焊缝轨迹、螺旋点外径对铝/钢异种金属焊接性能的影响。结果表明:相对多模激光器、脉冲激光器,14μm单模激光器可以实现铝/钢之间的有效焊接,焊接热量集中、焊缝热影响区小,铝/钢界面结合良好。六螺旋点焊接轨迹可以实现铝/钢的有效深熔焊接(熔深>0.25mm)。连续圆弧焊接轨迹的熔池凹陷严重,焊缝内部存在裂纹;六螺旋点轨迹获得的焊缝外观良好,熔深稳定,未见明显裂纹,且焊缝剪切力高于半圆弧轨迹焊接。随着螺旋点外径的增加,六螺旋点焊接轨迹得到的焊缝熔深增加,但力学性能先增加后降低。当螺旋点外径为3.0mm时,熔深为0.326m m,焊缝剪切力和剥离力达到相对最大值。综上可知,单模激光器下的多螺旋点焊接工艺可以实现铝/钢异种金属薄板的良好连接。

     

    Abstract: Using 1060 aluminum and SPCC nickel-plated steel as base materials, the effects of laser type, weld trajectory and outer diameter of spiral point on the welding performance of aluminum/steel dissimilar metals were studied based on the welding structure of aluminum on steel. The results show that compared with multi-mode laser and pulse laser, 14μm single-mode laser can realize effective welding between aluminum and steel, with concentrated welding heat, small weld heat affected zone and good bonding between aluminum and steel interface.The six-spot welding trajectory enables effective deep penetration welding of aluminum/steel(penetration > 0.25mm).The weld pool of the continuous arc welding trajectory is seriously depressed and there are cracks in the weld. The weld obtained by the six-spot trajectory has good appearance, stable penetration and no obvious cracks, and the shear force of the weld is higher than that of the arc welding trajectory. With the increase of outer diameter of spiral point,the weld penetration depth obtained by the six-spot trajectory increases, but the mechanical properties first increase and then decrease. When the outer diameter of spiral point is 3mm, the melting depth is 0.326mm, and the shear force and stripping force of the weld reach the maximum value. In summary, it can be seen that the multi-spot welding process under the single mode laser can realize the good connection of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal sheet.

     

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