超薄不锈钢激光焊接工艺对接头力学性能的影响

Influence of Ultra-thin Stainless Steel Laser Welding Process on Mechanical Properties of Joints.

  • 摘要:   研究激光焊接技术对SUS304不锈钢超薄板材(厚度为0.15毫米)焊接成型效果的影响规律,本研究选取了激光功率范围从280W至320W,以及焊接速度在4m/min至5m/min区间内的焊接工艺条件,实施了搭接激光焊接实验。研究聚焦于分析这些工艺参数变化下焊缝成型的特性,并对取得最佳成型效果的焊接接头进行了微观组织与力学性能的深入剖析。实验发现,激光功率过高会导致过多热量累积,引发焊缝烧穿现象;相反,激光功率不足则会减弱熔透能力,造成焊缝未充分熔合,这两种情况均不利于焊接接头承载力的提升。研究指出,在激光功率为320W、焊接速度为5m/min、热输入量为3.8J/mm的工艺条件下,焊接接头的拉伸剪切强度最优。此外,所有测试条件下接头的断裂均发生在热影响区域,而最优成型接头的抗拉载荷达到了1.67kN,相当于母材抗拉载荷1.93kN的86.5%,并且展现出韧性断裂的特征。

     

    Abstract: To explore the influence law of laser welding technology on the welding forming effect of ultra-thin SUS304 stainless steel sheet (thickness of 0.15 mm), this study selected welding process conditions with laser power ranging from 280W to 320W and welding speed within the range of 4m/min to 5m/min, and implemented lap laser welding experiments. The study focused on analyzing the characteristics of weld formation under the changes of these process parameters, and conducted in-depth analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welding joints with the best forming effect. The experiment found that excessive laser power will lead to excessive heat accumulation and cause weld burn-through; on the contrary, insufficient laser power will weaken the penetration ability and cause incomplete fusion of the weld. Both of these situations are not conducive to the improvement of the bearing capacity of the welded joint. The study pointed out that under the process conditions of laser power of 320W, welding speed of 5m/min, and heat input of 3.8J/mm, the tensile shear strength of the welded joint is the best. In addition, the fractures of joints under all test conditions occur in the heat-affected zone. The tensile load of the optimally formed joint reaches 1.67kN, which is equivalent to 86.5% of the tensile load of the base metal of 1.93kN, and shows the characteristics of ductile fracture.

     

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