Abstract: Nuclear-grade welders are key technical positions in the nuclear industry construction and installation sector, and their operational skill level is directly related to the quality of nuclear industry equipment and project safety. As a core link for industry access, the qualification certification and skill assessment of nuclear-grade welders cover multiple processes such as pre-assessment approval, assessment process, test and inspection, and certification. In the actual implementation process, affected by various factors such as personnel, processes, and management, there are many risks that may lead to the failure or interruption of skill assessment. Based on the whole process of skill assessment work, this paper systematically analyzes the main risks existing in each stage, clarifies the risk priority through the AHP analytic hierarchy process, and proposes targeted prevention and control countermeasures to provide reference for improving the quality of skill assessment.