平锻机模柄斜销固定方式的相关计算及改进

Calculation and Improvement of the Inclined Pin Fastening Method for the Punch Shank in Horizontal Forging Machine

  • 摘要: 针对垂直分模平锻机常用的模柄斜销紧固方式在紧固过程中会产生模柄旋转的问题,从具体结构上讨论了模柄斜面角度、斜销斜面角度、模柄旋转角度三者间的关系并推导了旋转角的计算公式,公式适用于成形部位为非回转体锻件的平锻模具设计。利用公式可以便捷计算模柄旋转的补偿角,可以根据锻件成形截面尺寸的大小合理制定斜销和模柄的紧固斜面在制造过程中的角度公差,并有助于分析长期使用过程中紧固斜面的磨损量对锻件旋转错差的影响程度,指导模具寿命管理。同时给出了一种改进的平锻机模柄紧固方式,其主要特点在于用压紧销取代传统紧固方式的拉紧斜销或紧定螺钉,模柄在轴线方向仍然使用一组斜面来实现拉紧。凸模夹持器、模柄、凸模之间用键、销定位,模柄在拉紧过程中模柄不再产生旋转。改进的紧固方式具有装拆快速、模具设计简单、模柄与压紧销寿命长等优点。

     

    Abstract: To address the issue of punch shank rotation during the fastening process when using an inclined pin in vertical die Parting Horizontal forging machines. From a structural perspective, the relationships among the bevel angle of the Punch shank, the bevel angle of the inclined pin, and the resulting rotation angle are analyzed, and the calculation formula for the rotation angle is derived. This formula is applicable to the design of upset forging dies for non-rotational symmetric parts. Using this formula, the compensation angle for punch shank rotation can be conveniently calculated. Additionally, the angular tolerances of the inclined pin and punch shank bevel during manufacturing can be rationally determined based on the size of the forging section. The formula also aids in analyzing the impact of fastening bevel wear on forging mismatch during long-term use, thereby supporting die life management, Furthermore, an improved punch shank fastening method is proposed. Its key feature is the replacement of traditional inclined pins or set screws with compression pins, while the punch shank still employs a bevel for secure fastening. Positioning between the punch holder, punch shank, and punch is achieved using keys and pins, ensuring no rotation of the punch shank during tightening. The improved method offers advantages such as rapid assembly/disassembly, the die design is simple, and extended service life of both the punch shank and compression pins.

     

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