含铜钢冶炼工艺及表面质量的控制

Smelting process and surface quality control of copper containing steel

  • 摘要: 含铜钢具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能,但Cu含量较高时极易导致含铜钢表面裂纹或龟裂,为了控制含铜钢的表面质量,本文结合生产工艺流程进行试验探究。通过优化设计含铜钢成分,对表面裂纹较为敏感的元素Cu、Ni、Si应控制质量分数比例为3: 1: 3。在炼钢生产过程中,要求严格管控操作细节,在连铸过程中做好保护浇注,避免钢水二次氧化,保证钢水纯净度。保证连铸坯表面无肉眼可见的明显裂纹,对铸坯进行缓慢加热,控制预热段温度≤800℃,要求加热炉内必须保证还原性气氛,防止在铸坯加热的过程中表面发生氧化,进而影响轧材质量。开轧温度控制在1170~1180℃,避免晶界处的铁橄榄石(FeO-2FeO·SiO2)熔融,减少富铜相的扩散和富集。严格控制单道次变形量不大于30%,减少轧制过程中单道次的轧制应力。保证轧材缓冷效果,避免冷却过程中应力集中产生裂纹。严格执行本文介绍的工艺,可生产表面质量良好的含铜钢连铸坯及轧材。

     

    Abstract: Copper containing steel has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, but high Cu content can easily lead to surface cracks or fissures in copper containing steel. In order to control the surface quality of copper containing steel, experiments were conducted in conjunction with the production process flow. By optimizing the composition of copper containing steel, the mass fraction ratio of Cu, Ni, and Si, which are sensitive to surface cracks, should be controlled at 3: 1: 3. In the process of steelmaking production, strict control of operational details is required, and protective pouring should be done well during continuous casting to avoid secondary oxidation of molten steel and ensure its purity. Ensure that there are no visible cracks on the surface of the continuous casting billet, slowly heat the billet, control the preheating temperature to ≤ 800 ℃, and require a reducing atmosphere in the heating furnace to prevent surface oxidation during billet heating, which may affect the quality of the rolled material. The rolling temperature should be controlled between 1170-1180 ℃ to avoid the melting of iron olivine (FeO-2FeO · SiO2) at the grain boundaries and reduce the diffusion and enrichment of copper rich phases. Strictly control the deformation of a single pass to no more than 30% and reduce the rolling stress during the rolling process. Ensure the slow cooling effect of the rolled material and avoid stress concentration and cracking during the cooling process. Strictly following the process described in this article can produce copper containing steel continuous casting billets and rolled materials of good quality.

     

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