焊接参数对不锈钢和铜异种材料激光焊接接头的质量影响

Influence of welding parameters on the quality of laser welded joints for dissimilar stainless steel and copper

  • 摘要: 不锈钢与铜合金异种金属材料之间的焊接, 可以将铜的高导电性和导热性与不锈钢的高耐腐蚀性、高强度和低成本相结合,从而能够充分发挥二种材质的优点。但在不锈钢板与铜合金板的激光焊接中, 二者物理性质差异过大,接头强度较低。本文探究采用不锈钢焊丝,改变焊接参数,对304不锈钢板和紫铜板进行异种金属搭接焊,通过对焊接接头的拉伸强度、硬度、显微结构等性能进行测试。结果表明不同的焊接参数对不锈钢和铜合金的焊接接头性能有显著影响,焊接激光功率为750w,焊接速度为100cm/min时,可以明显提高接头的拉伸强度和硬度,接头的最高拉剪强度为165.8Mpa,最高硬度值为126.4HV。说明适当调整激光功率、焊接速度等参数可以对接头性能进行有效控制。本研究为不锈钢和铜激光焊接应用提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Welding dissimilar metals between stainless steel and copper alloys combines the high electrical and thermal conductivity of copper with the superior corrosion resistance, high strength, and low cost of stainless steel, thereby leveraging the advantages of both materials. However, in laser welding of stainless steel and copper alloy plates, the significant differences in their physical properties often result in low joint strength. This study investigates the use of stainless steel filler wire and the adjustment of welding parameters for laser lap welding of 304 stainless steel and commercially pure copper ( copper) plates. The tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure of the welded joints were evaluated. Results indicate that different welding parameters significantly affect the performance of the joint. When the laser power is 750 W and the welding speed is 100 cm/min, the tensile strength and hardness of the joint are markedly improved. The joint achieves a maximum lap-shear strength of 165.8 MPa and a peak hardness of 126.4 HV. This demonstrates that appropriate adjustment of parameters, such as laser power and welding speed, can effectively control joint properties. This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of laser welding of stainless steel and copper.

     

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