Abstract: This study thoroughly investigates the application of vacuum electron beam cladding (EBCL) technology in enhancing the surface properties of materials and repairing critical components, addressing issues such as wear, corrosion, and fatigue in sectors like aerospace, energy, and automotive manufacturing. The research employs the EBCL process, which uses high-energy electron beams to rapidly melt and solidify material surfaces or powder layers, with precise control over parameters such as electron beam current, voltage, and scanning speed to achieve the desired characteristics of the cladding layer. The experimental results demonstrate that this technology can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance of aero-engine blades, thereby extending their service life. In the field of mold manufacturing, the technology significantly enhances the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of molds, extending their service life and reducing production costs. Furthermore, the technology has been successfully applied to the surface treatment of orthopedic implants and dental restorations, enhancing their wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, and improving the service life and aesthetics of the restorations. Despite challenges such as high equipment costs and the complexity of optimizing process parameters, EBCL technology exhibits strong adaptability and can be widely applied to various materials, showing great potential in enhancing material performance and repairing components in modern industry. The study's findings objectively highlight the innovation, complexity of EBCL technology in industrial applications, and its significant contributions to improving industrial efficiency and sustainable development, providing a reference for further promoting the application and development of this technology.