真空电子束熔覆工艺的应用研究

Application research of vacuum electron beam cladding process

  • 摘要: 本研究深入探讨了真空电子束熔覆(EBCL)工艺在提升材料表面性能和修复关键部件方面的应用,旨在解决航空航天、能源、汽车制造等领域中材料磨损、腐蚀和疲劳等问题。研究采用了真空电子束熔覆工艺,通过高能电子束对材料表面或粉末层进行快速熔化和凝固处理,精确控制电子束的电流、电压和扫描速度等参数,以获得理想的熔覆层特性。实验结果表明,该技术能有效提高航空发动机叶片的高温抗氧化性、耐磨性和抗热疲劳性能,延长叶片使用寿命;在模具制造领域,该技术显著提高了模具的表面硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性,延长模具使用寿命,降低生产成本。此外,该技术还成功应用于骨科植入物和口腔修复体的表面处理,增强其耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和生物相容性,提高修复体的使用寿命和美观度。尽管面临设备成本高、工艺参数优化难度大等挑战,但EBCL技术的适应性强,能广泛应用于多种材料,显示出在现代工业中提升材料性能和实现部件修复的巨大潜力。研究结果客观地展示了EBCL工艺在工业应用中的创新性、复杂性及其对提升工业效率和可持续发展的重要贡献,为进一步推动该技术的应用和发展提供了参考。

     

    Abstract: This study thoroughly investigates the application of vacuum electron beam cladding (EBCL) technology in enhancing the surface properties of materials and repairing critical components, addressing issues such as wear, corrosion, and fatigue in sectors like aerospace, energy, and automotive manufacturing. The research employs the EBCL process, which uses high-energy electron beams to rapidly melt and solidify material surfaces or powder layers, with precise control over parameters such as electron beam current, voltage, and scanning speed to achieve the desired characteristics of the cladding layer. The experimental results demonstrate that this technology can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance of aero-engine blades, thereby extending their service life. In the field of mold manufacturing, the technology significantly enhances the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of molds, extending their service life and reducing production costs. Furthermore, the technology has been successfully applied to the surface treatment of orthopedic implants and dental restorations, enhancing their wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, and improving the service life and aesthetics of the restorations. Despite challenges such as high equipment costs and the complexity of optimizing process parameters, EBCL technology exhibits strong adaptability and can be widely applied to various materials, showing great potential in enhancing material performance and repairing components in modern industry. The study's findings objectively highlight the innovation, complexity of EBCL technology in industrial applications, and its significant contributions to improving industrial efficiency and sustainable development, providing a reference for further promoting the application and development of this technology.

     

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