Abstract: The surface quality of crankshaft forged blanks directly affects subsequent machining accuracy, product lifespan, and production costs. Currently, visual inspection in this field still heavily relies on manual experience, leading to inconsistent defect judgments and irregular handling practices. These issues result in significant quality fluctuations and high rework costs. This paper systematically reviews common surface defects in crankshaft forgings, analyzes their causes from a full forging process perspective, and establishes an integrated quality control system. The system includes defect classification, quantitative criteria, standardized inspection procedures, and clear disposal methods. Practical application shows that the system reduces the defect rate of forged blanks to 0.7%, eliminates downstream defects, and significantly cuts quality losses. The study verifies the effectiveness of this standardized approach, providing a valuable reference for peer companies to improve quality control and reduce costs, thereby promoting quality standardization in the industry.