Abstract: With the development of the machinery industry, axle gears have become a key component in automotive transmission systems, where high-precision gears play a crucial role in ensuring smooth operation of the axle. Modern users impose stringent requirements on gear precision, particularly for automotive axle gears, making the heat treatment process of gears exceptionally critical. The selection of raw materials, forging of blanks, preliminary blank normalization, and gear heat treatment processes are vital steps in gear heat treatment. This paper analyzes the factors influencing gear precision during the heat treatment process and explores methods for control, focusing on raw material selection, preparatory heat treatment (blank normalization), and carburizing-quenching processes. During gear machining, precision is affected by multiple factors. Through research and validation, the causes of precision loss in gear production were identified, and corresponding measures were implemented to address practical production challenges.