Abstract: The failure of metal components often results from surface wear caused by friction. Laser cladding is an effective surface modification technology that can enhance the friction and wear resistance of metal component surfaces, thereby extending the service life of metal parts. Nickel-based alloy powder has become a focal point of research in laser cladding materials due to its good wettability with metal substrates, excellent performance enhancement capabilities, and reasonable cost. Composition regulation of the cladding layer is a fundamental factor affecting the properties of nickel-based alloy cladding. By utilizing the unique properties of different substances to refine grain structure and control the coating’s microstructure, the wear resistance of the coating can be improved.Therefore, this paper reviews the current research on the effects of adding various elements, self-lubricating phases,ceramic phases, and rare earth elements to the nickel-based alloy cladding layer in laser cladding. These additions contribute to solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and second phase strengthening, thus refining the microstructure and reducing internal defects of the cladding layer to optimize its friction and wear performance.The paper also provides a summary and outlook on the future development direction of nickel-based alloy cladding layers, serving as a reference for understanding the current state of research on the friction and wear properties of nickel-based alloy cladding layers.