Abstract: Martensitic stainless steels usually contain high amounts of alloying elements with good hardenability such as Cr and Mo. Martensite forms in martensitic stainless steels when cooled to room temperature, which gives them high strength, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and good corrosion resistance. Martensitic stainless steels have broad application prospects in fields such as petrochemicals, aerospace, marine vessels and automobiles Martensitic stainless steels have poor thermal conductivity, exhibit a strong tendency towards quenching hardening, and are prone to generating significant welding residual stress, which can easily lead to the formation of cold cracks. Under the high temperature of welding, coarse martensite tends to form in the weld seam and heat-affected zone during rapid cooling. Severe grain coarsening is very prone to occur in the joints, which increases the welding difficulty of martensitic stainless steels. In order to improve the microstructure and properties of martensitic stainless steel welded joints, many researchers both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research in recent years and made significant progress. They provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the welding and development of martensitic stainless steels, but there are still significant challenges in obtaining high-performance martensitic stainless steel welded joints. In this paper, the advancements in regulating the microstructure and properties of martensitic stainless steel welded joints from the perspectives of welding process and heat treatment are reviewed, and future research directions for controlling the microstructure and properties of martensitic stainless steel welded joints are pointed out.