合金钢小直径管对接固定焊口弧坑裂纹缺陷分析及解决

Analysis and Solution of Crater Crack Defects in Butt-Welded Fixed Joints of Alloy Steel Small-Diameter Pipes‌

  • 摘要: 锅炉作为工业关键能源设备,其合金钢小直径管(用于水冷壁管屏和高过管屏)的焊接质量至关重要。锅炉水冷壁管屏、过热器管屏制造过程中,管子对接时存在固定位置焊接的情况,在固定位置下焊接具有较高的操作难度,容易产生打底层裂纹问题,经过金相检验判定打底层裂纹为热裂纹,在高温高压条件下的锅炉管对接焊缝热裂纹具有较高的危害性,研究一种解决环缝热裂纹的方法十分必要。通过原因分析和模拟实验,找到引起打底层裂纹产生的关键因素,并从操作手法、关键焊接节点控制等方面采取措施,有效提升了焊接合格率,对保障锅炉安全稳定运行具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: As a critical energy equipment in industry, the welding quality of alloy steel small-diameter pipes (used in water-cooled wall tube panels and high-temperature superheater tube panels) in boilers is paramount. During the manufacturing of boiler water-cooled wall tube panels and superheater tube panels, fixed-position butt welding is required for tube connections. Welding in fixed positions poses significant operational challenges, often leading to root pass cracks. Metallographic testing confirmed that these root pass cracks are hot cracks. Hot cracks in boiler tube butt welds under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions are highly hazardous, making it essential to develop a solution for mitigating circumferential weld hot cracks. Through root cause analysis and simulated experiments, key factors contributing to root pass cracks were identified. Measures implemented in welding techniques and critical node control effectively improved welding qualification rates, which is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of boilers.

     

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